Liberation Theology: practical applications & us
Submitted by thejanet on Tue, 12/25/2007 - 17:45
How much are we (as a Christian political group) influenced by principals of Liberation Theology? Would more study of Liberation theologists be time well spent for us? Is this a school of thought and action we want to be identified with? If so, how can we avoid the Marxist label (if indeed we want to avoid it)? Is this a path we want to follow?
(next post coming with more basic info about this school of theology, it may take me a bit to write so if your first response is "I'm clueless" (almost always MY first response to about anything) then relax because I am currently writing a simple primer post about this)












Support for Liberation Theology
Well Janet it sounds as if you have some support for exploring Liberation Theology. The subject has got to be more relevant to our mission at Cross Left than some of the things we debate. You say what you have in mind isn't our father's Liberation Theology, so where do you want to begin?
God's economics
If we are going to be serious as Christian progressives in addressing the economic realities of our time then we will surely run the risk of being called commies. I've yet to hear a convincing argument from scripture in favor of capitalism, but a compelling argument can be made that God's plan is a form of socialism. Sabbath law certainly has a core element of equal distribution for all. Usury is usury, biting or not, and it is proscribed by scripture. I agree that the question of corporate personhood deserves to be questioned, but some of this may generate its own article later.
Whether we use the term Liberation Theology or not, when we speak biblically about social justice we will use the language of liberation theology. It is also important to note how the principle of liberation moved from Latin America to other forms: feminist theology, black liberation theology, etc. I have thought for some time that we need to be exploring a liberation theology for empire. Support of the oppressive structures, whether active or passive, is itself a sort of oppression on the individual. It is similar to addiction, with the privileged feeling trapped within the system, i.e. "keeping up with the Jones'" Perhaps it could be called Affluenza Liberation Theology?
And if Liberation Theology is not our cup of tea, then perhaps we should explore the early 19th century American movement of the Social Gospel.
re:God's economics
Many Christian responses to the poor have socialistic elements to them. Whether it is Catholic Social Thinking, Liberation Theology, the Social Gospel, or what not, I think any response to poverty will have similar elements. In attacking the worst part of capitalism (the gap between rich and poor, the exploitation of workers, etc....) we should also be careful to remember some of the weaknesses of a socialist philosophy. In an earlier post, it was noted that many conservatives tout capitalism as God's economic plan. Christianity has survived many economic systems over the course of its 2,000 year history.
Janet's post asks how applicable liberation theology is to our society. I think we can look to liberation theology more as inspirational, but not so much to its specifics. The Latin America that Liberation Theology was responding to is different than the American society that we are responding to. Our country is well developed industrially, with a large middle class, and relative economic mobility. Poverty in our country is more hidden.
While liberation theologists were trying to change a power structure, it seems to me that Progressives in America should be trying to preserve government structures we inherited from the New Deal and Great Society and that are under assault. The proponents of the Social Gospel of the early 20th Century made significant gains to end the social evils that accompanied unrestrained industrialization and I think it's our job to preserve them and build upon them. The government that our Founding Fathers gave us gives room for grassroots movements to slowly build up support and influence the direction of the country.
I think the big challenge for American progressives is to engage the middle class from their political apathy. When I read these Crossleft posts, they are written by people who are a lot more informed than people who just skim through the daily newspaper, and I sense a lot of frustration in trying to be included in the national dialogue. When I read about American reform movements, they gain their greatest influence when the middle class is engaged in their causes, and their influence wanes when the middle class grows tired of that cause.
the Liberation Theologists gained a lot of adherents because of Gustavo Guiterrez's book "A theology of Liberation". The Social Gospel was aided by Walter Rauschenbusch's writings. Are there any Progressive Christian writers today who are coming up with new ideas that deal with today's issues?
re: re: God's economics
Angelo, with reference to your comment about needing to preserve rather than change our power structure.
The way I see it is that the power structures of the New Deal and the Great Society (which wasn't all that Great) are not just under assault. They've already been changed.
The process of change has been accelerating since Reagan's inauguration. So I think we are as much in need of a theology of liberation as anyone.
Consider why there seems to be less political engagement these days by the "middle class" or the middle-income people. I think a large part of it comes from the fact that dissent makes no real difference now. An unpopular regime can ignore the citizens and the gridlocked, enfeebled (partly self-enfeebled) legislature. The power of money and, I hate to say it again, of corporations is just too much. People can and do donate to election campaigns, but that's rather far removed from being involved in building a real movement.
There's simply too much felt powerlessness going around.
I think our problem isn't a lack of new ideas for dealing with today's issues. It's a lack of traction. There's no transmission system for getting our rears in gear with our ideas. And short-term election considerations always seem to distract us from the longer-range considerations of movement building.
re:re:re:God's economics
You're right that the programs of the New Deal and the Great Society have been undergoing drastic changes since the Reagan administration. But I still think there are remnants of these programs that are still benefitting society. I'm not sure if "power structure" is the right term that I would use to define those programs to help the poor.
If we judge the Great Society programs by its stated purpose of winning a war on poverty, then it's true that it doesn't deserve to be called great. Those programs didn't stop the race riots and student unrest of the later 1960s. But it still made great strides in Civil Rights, in expanding education opportunities, in helping the elderly and poor children. I wasn't around during the 1960s, but my generation benefitted from many of the social changes that the '60s generation fought over.
I read somewhere that American progressive movements tend to be more successful in making permanent social changes than in making permanent economic changes. The Civil Rights movement, for instance, was most successful in fighting for political rights: the abolition of Jim Crow, the Voting Rights Act. When it turned to trying to lift poverty stricken areas, it was less successful. Some think prosperity will lift all boats, but that works only if people own boats.
One of the things about Liberation Theology that I like is its emphasis on empower the poor. When they learn to fight for themselves, it helps them in other areas. I agree with you that corporations have too much power, so you should keep repeating it whenever you wish. But I don't think citizens are helpless or powerless. It just takes a while for the grassroots to gain traction, as you said. I grew up during the 1980s, when the Berlin wall fell, when apartheid fell, during the People Power revolution in the Philippines. I knew AIDS activists and saw their struggles. I understand your pessimism. I have it too sometimes. But I think Zinn is right in saying that there is something always percolating under the surface, waiting for the right time to come out.
The social gospel is liberating
Instead of stumbling over semantics why not progress beyond words with so much baggage and go to the root?
I offer that we progressives build a foundation upon what we can agree upon.
What do you say about staring with this trinity?
1. God is LOVE and created ALL.
2. God desires our love and that we are to love ALL.
3. If we truly love God we will love all equally and will then seek justice; which means fairness, equality, righteousness, impartiality and that demands we have sound reason and common sense.
Since we truly do fight a spiritual battle and the battleground is the political realm, why not reclaim the promise of what America was truly founded upon?
"Soon after I had published the pamphlet "Common Sense" [on Feb. 14, 1776] in America, I saw the exceeding probability that a revolution in the system of government would be followed by a revolution in the system of religion... The world is my country, all mankind are my brethren, and to do good is my religion."-Tom Paine
"Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all...and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. The nation which indulges towards another a habitual hatred or a habitual fondness is in some degree a slave...a passionate attachment of one nation for another produces a variety of evils."-George Washington's Farewell Address - 1796
Eileen Fleming,
Reporter and Editor of
http://www.wearewideawake.org/
Author "KEEP HOPE ALIVE" and "Memoirs of a Nice Irish American 'Girl's' Life in Occupied Territory"
Producer of "30 Minutes with Vanunu"
MOST EXCELLENT NEWS INDEED!!!
To everyone who sent up a positive prayer for liberation for the 21st century Jeremiah, THANK YOU for being apart of this great news that the London Times has affirmed and is what I knew last week, but didn't want to report before the facts on the ground were released:
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3137523.ece
Vanunu Avoids Jail
The Israeli government has backed down over a threat to imprison Mordechai Vanunu...writes Peter Hounam...Avigdor Feldman, his lawyer, said that Vanunu had accepted the proposal of a community service order instead.
I spoke with Vanunu on the phone today and as always his outlook amazes me. Vanunu truly is a prophet to this generation.
To every liberation, justice and peace seeking person who reads this, please send up a positive prayer for Vanunu's full release. He returns to Court 10 AM Jerusalem time, which is 7 hours ahead of EST.
Eileen Fleming,
Reporter and Editor of
http://www.wearewideawake.org/
Author "KEEP HOPE ALIVE" and "Memoirs of a Nice Irish American 'Girl's' Life in Occupied Territory"
Producer of "30 Minutes with Vanunu"
wonderful news
That is wonderful news indeed. I'll continue to pray for Vanunu, that we'll soon see his total freedom.
you have my vote
this site claims to seek to 'heal wounds' but too much cyber ink is spilled with mental masturbation and not much about healing wounds with compassion and love. thank you Ms. Fleming for your witness.
dearest gid: LOL hysterically+ Resurrecting this Topic
What a great phrase:'mental masturbation'
Did you coin it?
You have planted a seed of inspiration in me, i think i will write an article with that for a title!
I don't usually repeat the same quote in the day, but i cannot resist this Mandela 2 U,
For LOL hysterically is what i am doing:"Walk gently, breathe peacefully, laugh hysterically." ~ Nelson Mandela
I also hope this thread stays alive and we progressives will move from talking about liberation and be vessels that DO IT!
I offer you all a great place to begin that will also connect you to your roots in the land where Jesus promised it is the PEACEMAKERS who are the children of God:
http://sabeel.org
FURTHER Information:
http://www.christianzionism.org/
http://www.sizers.org/
Anglican Dr. Rev. Sizer from the UK, is a world renowned theologian and expert on the heresy of Christian Zionism which is all about bondage and the antithesis of liberation!
Sizer will be back in USA in 2008 for another speaking tour-let me know if your church would like to hear him asap, as plans are now being made to book him.
Check him out:
http://www.sizers.org/
e
Eileen Fleming,
Reporter and Editor of
http://www.wearewideawake.org/
Author "KEEP HOPE ALIVE" and "Memoirs of a Nice Irish American 'Girl's' Life in Occupied Territory"
Producer of "30 Minutes with Vanunu"
what is Liberation Theology?
(this is your basic regurge from Wikipedia, and a few other sources, do your own Googling for more or better info)
Liberation theology is a school of theology initially within the Catholic Church that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the oppressed. It emphasizes the Christian mission to bring justice to the poor and oppressed, particularly through political activism.
At its inception, liberation theology was predominantly found in the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council. It is often cited as a form of Christian socialism, and it has enjoyed widespread influence in Latin America and among the Jesuits. It has also spread to other factions of the Christian church, and to other areas.
In essence, liberation theology explores the relationship between Christian theology and political activism, particularly in areas of social justice, poverty and human rights. The main methodological innovation of liberation theology is to approach theology from the viewpoint of the economically poor and oppressed. According to Jon Sobrino, S.J., the poor are a privileged channel of God's grace. According to Phillip Berryman, liberation theology is "an interpretation of Christian faith through the poor's suffering, their struggle and hope, and a critique of society and the Catholic faith and Christianity through the eyes of the poor."
Emphasis is placed on those parts of the Bible where Jesus' mission is described not in terms of bringing peace (social order) but bringing a sword (social unrest), e.g. Matthew 10:34, Luke 22:35-38 and Matthew 26:51-52. These passages are interpreted as a call to arms to carry out what proponents see as a Christian mission of justice -- literally by some. Marxist concepts such as the doctrine of perpetual class struggle are also significant.
Liberation theology also emphasizes what proponents describe as individual self-actualization as part of God's divine purpose for humankind.
One of the best resources is here:
http://www.liberationtheology.org/
And there's a lot more on the web. I don't remember who said what, but it hit me all of the sudden, we're talking about Liberation Theology as A Good Thing (after much of my life hearing my dad and other church peoples talk about it as a bad thing). Sounds like A Good Thing to me.
Liberation Theology
Liberation Theology has such a close asscoiation with socialism and Marxist theory. Are you sure you want that kind of a label at this crucial juncture in Progressive Christianity?
Only a few Progressives I have met desire anything even roughly approximating socialism. Most are capitalists all the way, we just want fair trade not free trade, government regulation for industry and commerce for the common good, and a fair tax structure. We don't want a whole new ball game, we just want a fair referee from out of town.
When you start using words like "socialism" and Marxism" people start running the other way.
Liberation VS Bondage
Jesus was not a Marxist or a socialist.
Jesus was not a capitalist or a WASP.
This site claims to be progressive and a progressive, is best understood as one seeking reform and progress.
When Jesus said you must be born again, he was not talking about a solitary emotional experience of the Presence of God-although that often is the first step and understood by mystics to be a 'consolation' meaning an affirmation.
What JC was talking about was a transformation of heart and mind to see that God already indwells the other as well as oneself.
JC said his sisters and brothers were those that DID the will of the Father and "What does God require? He has told you o'man! Be just, be merciful, and walk humbly with your Lord." -Micah 6:8
Some pope said "If you want peace; you must work for JUSTICE!"
Might we agree that pursuing JUSTICE is the bottom line when it comes to liberation theology?
PS Janet: I am so thankful for your presence on this site.
Eileen Fleming,
Reporter and Editor of
http://www.wearewideawake.org/
Author "KEEP HOPE ALIVE" and "Memoirs of a Nice Irish American 'Girl's' Life in Occupied Territory"
Producer of "30 Minutes with Vanunu"
not my dad's liberation theology
Jim, your reaction here is almost identical to my first reaction. So let me put MY initial knee jerk reaction into context, and emphasize this IS mine, I'm not talking about you.
I first remember hearing the phrase "liberation theology" at church (not IN church, actually outside the front door where people always congregate). The people talking about it were my father and his friends (rock head conservatives all!) and the context was of course Latin America. And how the religious people in Latin America were against our CIA-supported puppet governments. uhhh that bias you see right there is mine... I still don't think anything can justify our government's actions in Latin America and elsewhere during that time. But I digress...
To this gathering of the mens of the church, the ones that counted to me aka my dad and my friends' dads, Liberation Theology was BAD theology, was Commie theology, was working against our CIA and that was enough to slap on offensive labels and say it wasn't a true view of religion. It was pronounced with a slight curl of the upper lip. So I, just then starting to be more aware of what was happening inside my own country, and more aware of what our country was doing outside the country (Vietnam, which naturally absorbed all of my foreign policy interest) and so I just assumed the mens were right. You can call me lazy brain on that one, and that's true, but they were right about other things I cared about, like boys and what boys liked in a girl and what to make sure a boy didn't do on a date, etc. etc. I knew my dad was right about a number of issues, heh FAR right about a few others, and, well, there was just so much going on in my awakening political life that brought me into conflict with him, I just accepted the BAD label for Liberation Theology and didn't think about it again for about 20 years.
But is it really bad? I don't think so, not now. Is it bad theology? I don't know that answer, but the definitions sure fit what I want to be doing now, in terms of looking at things from a poverty viewpoint. And it sure fits my motivation and intent, spiritually. Do the Marxist/commie labels really fit? or were those a reaction label during the '60s?
And has my stumble down memory lane here brought any enlightenment to the topic or just more questions? I rarely have answers, but I always have questions.
re: Liberation Theology
Regardless of how it's labeled, the subject of liberation theology is well worth studying.
In response to Janet's questions, I've been influenced by its principles. I think that after doing some studying, then we can worry about where we stand in relation to Liberation Theology. And then we can consider the problem of labels.
Since most of the labels that are being used today -- liberal, socialist, Marxist, communist, libertarian, conservative, anarchist, leftist, progressive, even capitalist -- are being used so inconsistently, with such different definitions and interpretations, we're always going to run into trouble with labels, regardless of how we label ourselves.
As I've mentioned once before, a Bible study on Jubilee economics that I wrote with a theologically literalist/inerrantist pastor was denounced in 1975 or 76 by the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee as being Marxist and subversive. The more progressive we are, the more we will run into that kind of thing, even though we avoid labels. (I'm for dealing with ideas and policies and leaving the labeling to others.)
With regard to your point about capitalism, Jim, the Religious Right looks upon capitalism as God-ordained. That makes me question how capitalist we should be. I think a common ground for progressives is to be opposed to corporatism -- capitalism that's dominated by very large corporations which also have great political power. And I think we should be questioning the whole concept of corporate personhood.
What we would have if we ever succeeded in reining in the corporations, and what the label for it might be, is a question that a lot of people are working on. It's something we could get an overview of, hypothetical as it may be.
I think we also need to recognize that classes exist and that there are conflicting class interests which form the legitimate stuff of politics. When people call that "class war" talk, the counter is that there already seems to be something that could be called a class war and that the super-rich/super-powerful have been winning it for quite some time.
So thanks, Janet, for bringing this up.
Bill
re:re:liberation theology
I just got home with my wife, so I'll write more tomorrow. There's a good book "Readings in Christian Ethics: A Historical Sourcebook" edited by J. Philip Wogaman and Douglas M. Strong, that collects many of the great ethical readings in Christian history. It has a section on the writing of Gustavo Guiterrez, which formed the basis of Liberation Theology.
Another good book is "Church and Revolution" by Thomas Bokenkotter, on the history of Catholics in the struggle for democracy and social justice since the French Revolution. Liberation Theology was an important part of the fight in Central America to help the poor, but as this book makes clear, it's not the only way Christians could fight poverty and excessive corporate power. I think we could learn from the strengths and weaknesses of Liberation Theology in formulating ways to fight for progressive causes today. I do think class is an important part of the progressive equation, but I don't think class is the sole factor in resolving issues of poverty.
Liberation; class
Angelo,
You may be leaping ahead and assuming that I'm proposing that "class is the sole factor in resolving issues of poverty."
Along with Jim's questions about being labeled "marxist", this might be indicating that many or most of us are hypersensitive about anything that could be labeled "commie" or "far left". The word "marxist" as attached to anything allows no room for nuance or variation -- it implies some kind of rigid orthodoxy that stands against All We Hold Dear.
All I am saying is "Give Class a Chance" in the analysis of factors that are involved in creating poverty. I'm not a "sole factor" kind of theorist: I just think that class in inextricably involved in our system and hasn't received the attention it should. It's one of those things that are politically incorrect in the polite society of mainstream politics and media.
re:Liberation; class
Sorry for leaping ahead of myself, Bill. It's not so much that I'm hypersensitive about being labeled a "commie"; I think I was judging your post in context of the other posts.
I first heard of liberation theology in the 1980s, when I read about the clashes between liberation theologists and Pope John Paul II and Joseph Ratzinger. I didn't know too much about the liberation theology philosophy back then, but I admired the courage of the priests and nuns who stood up for the poor and against right wing governments and elites.
In terms of liberation theology itself, I decided to read up Gustavo Guiterrez's "A Theology of Liberation" and Bokennkotter's "Church and Revolution". Guiterrez's theology acknowledges being influenced by Marxist thought since they were the main group in Latin America that was trying to help the poor. From what I've read, the poor were getting poorer in spite of the attempts of economic development originally inspired by Kennedy's Alliance for Progress. The Latin American church was influenced by the Vatican II document Gaudium et Spes, which urged Catholics to get involved in the struggle for social justice, as popes had been urging them to do since the encyclical Rerum Novarum of 1891. In 1968 Latin American bishops met in Medallin and decided to focus on the "liberation" of the poor, rather than their normal role as allies of the rich. Gutierrez wanted to offer a theology to confront marxism and to be specific to the Latin American conditions.
One of the things that I think progressives in America could learn from the liberation theologists is their attempts to cater helping the poor to their own culture and circumstances. American progressives could cater a program to different types of poor in America: the urban poor, the rural poor, the immigrant poor. The Liberation Theologists persisted in spite of opposition from the conservative government, the elite, and even a conservative hierarchy. American Progressives have similar antagonists. As American Progressives, we are lucky to draw upon an American tradition of dissent. We can draw upon the Social Gospels, the Catholic Worker movement, and many other homegrown Christian progressive philosophies.
Liberation Theology
I think we are doing a 21st Century American Liberation Theology of sorts right now as are folks like Sojourners and other kindred souls. I can remember studying Gustavo Gutierez and "Liberation Theology" years ago,but I am not certain about its applicability to our situation.It was right for late 20th century Latin America,but perhaps not us today, go ahead and talk me out of that position if you like.
Liberation NOT Bondage!!!
What a CHRISTmas gift you have delivered unto us Janet with this thread!!!
The essence of humility is to admit one does not know!!!
Ignorance is no sin; but stupidity may well be.
The diff is that ignorance is uninformed-stupid is digging ones heels in and refusing to accept the facts on the ground.
God Bless you Janet for your witness and open heart and mind.
A great place for progressive Christians to begin is with the Liberation theology messages of SABEEL:
Sabeel is an ecumenical grassroots liberation theology movement among Palestinian Christians. Inspired by the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, this liberation theology seeks to deepen the faith of Palestinian Christians, promote unity among them, and lead them to social action.
http://sabeel.org/
May we begin there and move onto the liberation theology of Mark Ellis, another Jewish prophet of the 21st century.
Eileen Fleming,
Reporter and Editor of
http://www.wearewideawake.org/
Author "KEEP HOPE ALIVE" and "Memoirs of a Nice Irish American 'Girl's' Life in Occupied Territory"
Producer of "30 Minutes with Vanunu"